Assessment of eco-economic effects of urban water system connectivity project.

As one of the large ecological infrastructures, the urban water system connectivity (UWSC) project is an important part of urban ecosystem construction. It is helpful for the scientific planning and construction of the project to systematically evaluate the effects. However, due to the complex and various effects of UWSC project, there is no complete effect system and quantitative method. Against this backdrop, the composition and mechanism of positive and negative effects of ecological economics of UWSC project were deeply analyzed to improve the composition system of eco-economic effects in this study. At the same time, the emergy theory was used to put forward the quantification method of eco-economic effect system. Taking the UWSC project in Xuchang as an example, its ecological, social, and economic effects were evaluated. The result showed that the average eco-economic effect of the project is 49.97 million dollars/year. Economic effect and ecological effect are significant, accounting for 82.49% and 15.89% of total effect, respectively. This study can provide reference for comprehensive and unified assessment of eco-economic effects of UWSC project.

Fingerprint analysis and multi-ingredient determination using a single reference standard for Saposhnikoviae radix.

A method employing high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) has been developed to evaluate the quality of Saposhnikoviae Radix (SR) comprehensively through fingerprint analysis and multi-ingredient determination. In the fingerprint analysis, 12 out of 15 common peaks were identified with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC-MS/MS) and related references. To discriminate the 15 batches of samples collected from different origins, similarity analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed. Meanwhile, the simultaneous quantification of four chromones was achieved by firstly applying a method of using a single standard to determine multiple components (SSDMC) with conversion factor. The method has the advantage of feasibility, economy and simplicity compared with traditional external standard method (ESM). The method possessed desirable linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.9997), precision (RSD <4.0%), accuracy (97.4 - 106.6%) and robustness. This study indicated that the method of fingerprint analysis integrated with multi-ingredient determination using the HPLC technique was reliable for the overall quality evaluation of SR.